Maternity Pay and Leave
Employment law- Maternity Pay and Leave
What are your maternity rights?
Your main rights are as follows:
- As an employee, you will be entitled to up to 52 weeks Statutory Maternity Leave.
- You will receive Statutory Maternity Pay, provided you have been employed continuously for 26 weeks prior to the 15th week before your expected week of childbirth. Please see below for the amount of statutory maternity pay you should receive.
- Your contractual benefits, accrual of annual leave and employer pension contributions will continue throughout maternity leave.
- At the end of your Maternity Leave, you have the right to return to your job or a suitable alternative role, depending on when you return. If a redundancy situation arises, you must be offered a suitable alternative role if one is available.
Statutory Maternity leave
Statutory Maternity leave entitles employees to up to one year off work. This is broken down into 26 weeks of Ordinary Maternity Leave and 26 weeks of Additional Maternity Leave. Whilst you must be an employee to be entitled to Statutory Maternity Leave, as long as you provide the correct notice, you are still entitled to Statutory Maternity Leave regardless of how long you have worked for your employer, how many hours you work or how much you are paid.
Your entitlements to pay and benefits during Statutory Maternity Leave
Whilst you are on Statutory Maternity Leave your employment terms and conditions are protected. You keep your normal employment rights and benefits (excluding wages) throughout the whole of of your Statutory Maternity Leave. Benefits such as accrual of annual leave, health club membership or health insurance will therefore continue. You may also be entitled to be paid any bonus which is awarded whilst you are away on leave. If your employer contributes to an occupational pension scheme, they must carry on making their usual contributions for the whole time you are on “Ordinary Maternity Leave” (the first 26 weeks of Statutory Maternity Leave), for any time you are receiving any Statutory Maternity Pay and for any time you are receiving contractual maternity pay. You also build up all your entitlements to paid holiday during your Statutory Maternity Leave.
Your other rights during Statutory Maternity Leave
Your employer may make ‘reasonable contact’ with you during your maternity leave, for example to discuss arrangements for your return to work. A good employer will discuss how much contact you are happy with before you go on maternity leave, and how you would like to be contacted.
You also have the right to be informed of any promotion opportunities that come up while you are on maternity leave.
You can work for up to ten days during your maternity leave without your maternity leave coming to an end, although your employer cannot force you to do so. These are called keeping in touch days (‘KIT days’). You can be paid your full salary for any days that you work but this needs to be agreed with your employer. If you work for more than ten days then your maternity leave will come to an end. It is up to you and your employer to agree what work you do on a KIT day, it could be a normal day’s work, training or attending a conference, for example.
If you want to take Statutory Maternity Leave, how much notice must you give to your employer?
You must give your employer notice of your intention to take Statutory Maternity Leave at least 15 weeks before the beginning of the week your baby is due. Of course, it may be that you did not realise you were pregnant, in which case, you must tell your employer as soon as possible if you have missed the deadline. You need to inform them that you are pregnant, when the baby is due and when you want to commence your maternity leave, although you will be able to change this date later, provided you give at least 28 days’ notice.
When does maternity leave start?
You can usually start maternity leave on a date of your choice, subject to certain conditions. The earliest you can choose to start your maternity leave is 11 weeks before the week your baby is due.
No matter when you intended your maternity leave to start, if you give birth before you have started your maternity leave, it will automatically start on the day the baby is born. If you are absent from work for a ‘pregnancy related reason’ at any time from the fourth week before the week your baby is due, then your maternity leave will automatically start.
Statutory Maternity Pay
Whilst Statutory Maternity Leave entitlement is not dependent on a qualifying period of employment, Statutory Maternity Pay is conditional upon the following:
As an employee seeking to claim Statutory Maternity Pay you must have 26 weeks’ continuous employment with the employer up to and including the 15th week before the Expected Week of Childbirth (“EWC”).
You also need to notify your employer at least 28 days before the date that you want your Statutory Maternity Pay to start (or you mist give as much notice as you can if it is not possible to give the full 28 days’ notice). You must provide your employer with a MAT B1 certificate from your midwife or doctor confirming the Expected Week of Childbirth.
You must also have average earnings of at least the lower earnings limit for National Insurance during the eight-week period ending with the 15th week before the “EWC”. This is currently £123 a week (as at 2023).
Statutory Maternity Pay is payable for 39 weeks. For the first 6 weeks, 90% of your earnings are payable. For the remaining 33 weeks, you are currently entitled to £172.48 a week (correct from 6th April 2023). Please note, however, your Maternity Pay will continue at 90% of your earnings for the full 39 weeks if that amount is lower than £172.48 per week.
Will I still receive Statutory Maternity Pay if you return to work during the Statutory Maternity Pay period?
The first 10 days you work during your Statutory Maternity Pay period will not affect your entitlement. After this, you will lose Statutory Maternity Pay for each week in your Statutory Maternity Pay period which you work.
If I am not an employee, am I still entitled to statutory maternity pay?
If you are a worker, you may not be entitled to Statutory Maternity Pay as you do not have the same automatic rights as employees. Your employer may, however, allow you to take unpaid leave, or alternatively you could take paid holiday.
My ex-employer is refusing to pay my SMP, what should I do?
If your ex-employer becomes insolvent or refuses to pay your SMP, HMRC becomes automatically liable to pay the rest. If you think that your SMP is not being calculated or paid correctly, you should ask your employer to explain your SMP.
Do I have the right to return to my old role at the end of maternity leave?
If you only take Ordinary Maternity Leave (the first 26 weeks) or return before the end of Ordinary Maternity Leave, you are entitled to return to your original role on the same terms and conditions as you had prior to your maternity leave.
If you take any Additional Maternity Leave (more than 26 weeks) you are generally entitled to return to ‘the same job on the same terms and conditions’, unless there is a good reason that it is not reasonably practical for you to do so. If it is not reasonably practical for you to return to your original role, you still have the right to return to a suitable alternative job, on terms and conditions which are at least as favourable as the terms you had prior to your maternity leave.
A situation where it might not be reasonably practical for you to return to your old role could be where there has been a re-organisation and your role has been moved to another location, or the nature of your role has changed in some way. However, a desire to keep your maternity cover on as a permanent staff member or a desire to give your role to someone else is not likely to be a good reason for not giving your old role back.
If you have not been offered an alternative role (or you feel the role you have been offered is unsuitable) you may have a claim for pregnancy discrimination and/or constructive dismissal.
What happens if I face disciplinary proceedings during maternity leave?
The fact that you are on maternity leave does not, on its own, prevent your employer from investigating genuine disciplinary issues (although they should not contact you at all within the first two weeks of your maternity leave). That said, your employer should take care to ensure that you are not at a disadvantage during the disciplinary proceedings because you are on maternity leave, otherwise this could be maternity discrimination.
Can I carry over holiday not taken because I am on maternity leave?
Yes, if you cannot take your usual holiday entitlement because you’re on maternity leave, your employer should let you carry over up to 5.6 weeks of unused days into your next holiday year. This amounts to 28 days if you were working a full week.
What happens if I face redundancy during my pregnancy or maternity leave?
You are entitled to the right to first refusal for any suitable alternative roles in a redundancy situation, from the date you inform your employer of your pregnancy and for the full period of your pregnancy.
The same protection is extended to when your maternity leave ends. You will be protected for18 months from the first day of the estimated week of childbirth. You can also amend the18 month period, so that it starts from the actual date of childbirth (rather than the expected due date). Your employer would, however, need to be informed of the actual date of childbirth during your maternity leave period.
This does not mean you cannot legitimately be made redundant- but that your employer must show there are no suitable alternatives (and if there are, then you should have first refusal).
If the redundancy was in any way linked to your pregnancy or maternity leave, then this would amount to discrimination.
I am being made redundant while I am on maternity leave, how should my redundancy pay be calculated?
Your redundancy pay (statutory or contractual) should be based on your normal weekly pay before you started your maternity leave. It should not be based on your statutory maternity pay or your contractual maternity pay. This is the case even if you have used all 39 weeks of your statutory maternity pay (see our page on Maternity Pay & Leave for more information). If you have contractual redundancy pay, then your employer should also base this on your normal pay before you went on maternity leave. Otherwise this could be pregnancy discrimination.
I am leaving employment before my SMP starts, but I still qualify to receive it. Can it be paid as a lump sum?
Normally, SMP is paid weekly or monthly in the same way your salary would normally be paid. However, in theory, yes it could be paid as a lump sum as part of a settlement agreement upon the termination of your employment.
It is not possible to give up your right to receive SMP. There are very strict criteria your employer must meet if it wants to pay your SMP as a lump sum:
- the settlement agreement must specifically state that SMP is being paid (and must show how much is being paid) and
- tax and National Insurance contributions on the SMP must have been correctly paid.
Your employer may be cautious about agreeing to pay SMP as a lump sum, as they could be liable to pay it again if the requirements have not been met.
What happens to my Statutory Maternity Pay if I am dismissed during or before my maternity leave?
As long as you are pregnant and qualify for statutory maternity pay, you will be eligible to be paid for the full 39-week period even if you are dismissed during maternity leave. This can be paid as one lump sum.
You will also be entitled to statutory maternity pay if you are dismissed after the start of the qualifying week (the 15th week before the expected week of childbirth), even if you are not planning to start your maternity leave until closer to your expected date of childbirth.
If, however, you are dismissed because you have been discriminated against by reason of your being on maternity leave, you may have a claim for pregnancy discrimination and you may also have a claim for unfair dismissal.
Am I entitled to written reasons for my dismissal?
If you are dismissed during pregnancy or maternity leave, you have an automatic entitlement to a written statement without having to request it (regardless of your length of service).
What happens at the end of maternity leave?
It is up to you how much of your total maternity leave entitlement you want to take, although you must take a minimum of two weeks after the birth.
If you don’t tell your employer otherwise, your employer will assume that your return date will be at the end of the full 52 weeks you are allowed to take. If you want to return before then, you must give your employer at least 8 weeks’ notice of the date you want to return. If you change your mind and want to return later than planned (subject to the maximum 52 weeks) then you need to tell your employer at least 8 weeks before you were due to return.
As you will have continued accruing holiday during your maternity leave, you might want to take your annual leave before you return to work. Employers will usually agree to this, however your Statutory Maternity Leave will still end on the date that it was supposed to, which may affect your right to return to your old job.
What is the right to return to my old role at the end of maternity leave?
If you only take Ordinary Maternity Leave (the first 26 weeks) or return before the end of Ordinary Maternity Leave, you are entitled to return to your original role on the same terms and conditions as you had prior to your maternity leave.
If you take any Additional Maternity Leave (more than 26 weeks) you are generally entitled to return to ‘the same job on the same terms and conditions’, unless there is a good reason that it is not reasonably practical for you to do so. If it is not reasonably practical for you to return to your original role, you still have the right to return to a suitable alternative job, on terms and conditions which are at least as favourable as the terms you had prior to your maternity leave.
A situation where it might not be reasonably practical for you to return to your old role could be where there has been a re-organisation and your role has been moved to another location, or the nature of your role has changed in some way. However, a desire to keep your maternity cover on as a permanent staff member or a desire to give your role to someone else is not likely to be a good reason for not giving your old role back.
If you have not been offered an alternative role (or you feel the role you have been offered is unsuitable) you may have a claim for pregnancy discrimination and/or constructive dismissal.
Do I have the right to work flexibly following my return from maternity leave?